What Are Corns And Calluses, Major Symptoms, Causes and Treatment

Corns and calluses are thickened layers of skin that form as a protective response to repeated friction, pressure, or irritation. They are common on the feet and hands and can cause discomfort if not addressed properly.

Corns

Appearance: Corns are small, round, and usually appear on the tops and sides of toes or other bony areas. They often have a hard center surrounded by inflamed skin.

Cause: Typically result from pressure or friction, such as wearing tight or ill-fitting shoes.

Types:

- Hard Corns: Firm, dense, and found on the outer skin layer over bony areas.

- Soft Corns: Rubbery and moist, often forming between toes due to sweat and pressure.

- Seed Corns: Tiny and painful, usually found on the soles of the feet.

Calluses

Appearance: Calluses are larger, flat, and have a more uniform thickening compared to corns. They often appear yellowish and feel rough.

Cause: Develop in areas exposed to frequent friction or pressure, such as the palms of the hands or soles of the feet. They are common in people who walk barefoot or do manual labor.

Location: Typically on the weight-bearing parts of the feet, like the heels or balls of the feet, and on hands from repetitive tasks.

Symptoms of Corns and Calluses

Corns:

* Appearance:

Hard, round, or conical patches of thickened skin.

May have a hard core or center.

* Location:

Tops, sides, or between toes.

* Pain:

Pain or tenderness when pressed, especially in hard corns.

* Inflammation:

Surrounding skin may appear red or swollen.

Calluses:

* Appearance:

Larger, flat, and rough patches of thickened skin.

May appear yellowish or discolored.

* Location:

Common on palms, soles, heels, and balls of feet.

* Pain:

Usually painless but can crack and cause discomfort.

Causes of Corns and Calluses

Common Causes:

* Friction and Pressure:

Tight, ill-fitting shoes.

High heels that increase pressure on the toes and balls of feet.

Wearing shoes without socks or gloves during manual tasks.

* Repetitive Motions:

Walking or running frequently.

Using tools or instruments without protective gloves.

* Bone Structure Issues:

Bunion, hammertoes, or other foot deformities that create pressure points.

* Other Factors:

Excessive sweating or very dry skin.

Walking barefoot on rough surfaces.

Treatment for Corns and Calluses

Home Remedies:

* Soaking:

Soak the affected area in warm, soapy water for 10–15 minutes to soften the skin.

After soaking, gently rub the area with a pumice stone or foot file.

* Moisturizing:

Apply a thick moisturizer or petroleum jelly to hydrate and soften the skin.

* Protective Pads:

Use corn or callus pads to cushion and protect the area from further friction.

* Footwear Adjustments:

Wear well-fitting shoes with ample toe room and cushioned insoles.

Medications:

* Salicylic Acid:

Available in pads or liquids; helps dissolve the thickened skin.

Follow instructions carefully to avoid damaging healthy skin.

Professional Treatment:

* Trimming:

A podiatrist may safely trim the thickened skin with sterilized tools.

* Orthotics:

Custom shoe inserts to redistribute pressure and reduce friction.

* Surgery:

Rarely needed; performed to correct bone issues causing pressure.

Lifestyle Changes:

- Regularly inspect your feet for signs of corns or calluses.

- Use protective gloves during repetitive hand tasks.

When to Seek Medical Attention

* If corns or calluses become painful or inflamed.

* Signs of infection, such as redness, pus, or swelling.