Bhutan, famously known as the Land of the Thunder Dragon, is a breathtaking country with approximately 97% of its land covered by mountains and forests. Tucked between India and China, this enchanting nation is home to the remarkable Paro International Airport (PBH)—the only international airport in Bhutan and one of the most picturesque yet challenging airports in the world.
Perched at an altitude of 2,235 meters (7,332 feet) above sea level, the airport is surrounded by towering Himalayan peaks that soar over 5,500 meters (18,000 feet). Several factors make Paro Airport unique and fascinating. Curious to learn more?
The History of Paro International AirportParo International Airport stands as Bhutan’s sole gateway to the world, renowned for its challenging landings and breathtaking aerial views. Categorized as a Category C airport, it is managed by Bhutan’s Department of Civil Aviation, a division of the Royal Government of Bhutan, which ensures stringent aviation safety regulations and precise air navigation services.
The airport's origins date back to 1968 when India’s Border Roads Organization built an airstrip in Paro Valley for emergency helicopter operations by the Indian Armed Forces on behalf of Bhutan’s Royal Government. Later, a 1,200-meter runway was developed, allowing the government to determine the types of aircraft suitable for operations at Paro.
In 1983, Drukair was established as Bhutan’s national airline, significantly improving the country’s global connectivity. Today, Paro International Airport links Bhutan to destinations such as India, Nepal, Thailand, and Singapore. Due to the airport’s challenging terrain and strict visual flight regulations, only a select group of highly trained pilots with specialized certifications are permitted to operate flights here.
Why is Paro Airport One of the Most Dangerous Airports in the World?Paro International Airport is regarded as one of the world’s most difficult airports to navigate due to its rugged terrain and unpredictable weather. Remarkably, only 50 certified pilots are authorized to land here, requiring advanced skills to ensure safe take-offs and landings.
Notably, flights are permitted only during daylight hours due to the absence of an Instrument Landing System (ILS) and the need for clear weather conditions. This strict regulation minimizes risks and ensures maximum safety during landing and departure.
Factors That Make Landing at Paro Airport Extremely Challenging
1. Geographical ChallengesNestled in the heart of Paro Valley, the airport presents numerous obstacles for pilots, including sharp turns and steep descents through narrow mountainous terrain. The runway, measuring only 1.96 miles (3,962 feet), provides limited margin for error, demanding precise control of speed and altitude for a successful landing.
Paro International Airport remains the only international gateway to Bhutan and the world’s only airport where pilots must skillfully navigate through tight valleys and steep ridges before making their final approach.
2. Unpredictable Weather ConditionsAnother major challenge is Paro’s highly unpredictable weather, which often results in poor visibility and hazardous landing conditions. Strong winds sweeping through the valley’s narrow corridors make smooth landings even more difficult, often causing flight delays, sudden diversions, or cancellations.
During monsoon season, dense fog and heavy rainfall significantly reduce visibility, forcing pilots to either abort landings or circle the airport until conditions improve.
Despite these challenges, Paro International Airport remains a crucial and fascinating aviation hub, offering travelers an unparalleled flying experience amidst the majestic landscapes of Bhutan.