Everything About Colorectal Cancer, 9 Tests To Help You Diagnose It

Maintaining a healthy colon is crucial for proper digestion and waste elimination in the body. If the colon is not functioning effectively, the body struggles to absorb vital nutrients and remove waste products.

What Is Colorectal Cancer?

Colorectal cancer refers to cancer that starts in the colon or rectum. Depending on its origin, it may be classified as colon cancer or rectal cancer, as both types share many characteristics and are often grouped together.

Typically, when cells in the colon begin to grow uncontrollably, the condition is referred to as colon cancer. The colon is part of the large intestine, while the rectum connects the colon to the abdomen.

Although colon cancer is more commonly found in older adults, it can affect individuals of any age. Polyps, which are small, noncancerous growths within the colon, may develop into cancer over time.

What Are The Early Warning Signs Of Colon Cancer?

Colorectal cancer often presents no symptoms in its early stages, making it difficult to detect. However, once symptoms do manifest, they can vary based on the tumor's size and location. Common signs include changes in bowel habits, blood in the stool, abdominal discomfort, fatigue, weakness, and unexplained weight loss. Various diagnostic tests are available to identify this condition, with your doctor selecting a test based on factors such as the type of cancer, symptoms, medical and family history, age, and overall health.
What Are The Diagnostic Tests For Colorectal Cancer?

Here are some diagnostic tests used for colorectal cancer:

# Biopsy Test

A biopsy is the only definitive method for diagnosing colorectal cancer. It involves removing a small tissue sample for microscopic analysis, which can be done during a colonoscopy or from tissue obtained during surgery. CT scans or ultrasounds may assist in the process.

# Colonoscopy Test

In a colonoscopy, the patient is sedated, allowing for a complete view of the colon and rectum. Diagnosis of colorectal cancer is not possible until the tumor is surgically removed, providing an accurate assessment of the cancer's location and extent.

# Biomarker Testing

Also known as molecular testing, this involves analyzing specific genes, proteins, and other factors in the tumor. The results guide treatment decisions.

# Computed Tomography (CT) Scan

A CT scan uses X-rays to capture images of the body from various angles. A computer compiles these images to identify any abnormal tumors, often performed prior to surgery to check for cancer spread to organs like the lungs and liver.

# Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

An MRI employs magnetic fields to produce detailed body images, helping to determine the tumor's size and identify the extent of cancer spread.

# Ultrasound

Ultrasounds are primarily used to assess how deeply rectal cancer has penetrated and to aid in treatment planning. However, they are less accurate in detecting cancer that has spread beyond the pelvis and nearby lymph nodes.

# Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan

PET scans, often combined with CT scans, are used in specific situations and are not recommended for all colorectal cancer patients.

# Chest X-ray

A chest X-ray can help determine if cancer has spread to the lungs.

# Blood Test

Colon cancer can lead to bleeding in the large intestine or rectum, potentially causing anemia. Blood tests measure red blood cell levels, which can indicate bleeding. However, this test is not intended as a screening tool but rather for managing patients with the disease.

Who Is At Risk Of Colorectal Cancer?

While colorectal cancer can be diagnosed at any age, most cases occur in individuals over 50. In recent years, there has been an increase in colon cancer rates among those under 50, though the reasons remain unclear. African-Americans face a higher risk of colon cancer compared to other racial groups.

Is Colorectal Cancer Preventable?

Colorectal cancer can be prevented through screening, which can identify and remove precancerous polyps before they develop into cancer. Early detection via screening significantly increases the likelihood of successful treatment.

How Is Colorectal Cancer Treated?

Patients with colon cancer typically undergo surgery to remove the tumor, often accompanied by other treatments such as radiation therapy and chemotherapy.

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