10 Health Challenges You Might Face In Monsoon And How To Prevent Them

The monsoon season offers a welcome respite from the intense summer heat, as the refreshing rains turn the landscape into a vibrant, green sanctuary. However, this beautiful season also brings several health challenges that can impact people of all ages.

Without proper precautions, the monsoon can lead to a rise in waterborne diseases and respiratory problems, creating an environment where various illnesses can thrive.

According to a WHO report, there were approximately 249 million malaria cases and 608,000 malaria-related deaths across 85 countries globally in 2022.

The Economic Survey report indicates a rise in malaria cases, from 14,533 in 2022-23 to 16,821 in 2023-24. However, malaria-related deaths decreased by 17% during this period. Additionally, cases of chikungunya, transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito (the same mosquito responsible for dengue), more than doubled, rising from 1,011 in 2022-23 to 2,504 in 2023-24.

In Karnataka, over 9,000 dengue cases and 7 deaths were reported from January to July of this year, according to a TOI report. The state government noted that 66,298 people were tested for dengue up until July 13, with 9,082 testing positive for the disease.

# Waterborne Diseases

Waterborne diseases are prevalent during the monsoon season. Contaminated water sources, stagnant water, and poor sanitation can lead to diseases like cholera, typhoid, and dysentery, caused by ingesting water tainted with bacteria, viruses, or parasites.

Risks:

Dehydration, severe diarrhea, and in extreme cases, death.

Prevention:

Ensure drinking water is purified or boiled. Avoid food from street vendors and maintain good hygiene practices such as handwashing before eating. Prevent water stagnation around your home to reduce mosquito breeding, and use disinfectants to clean surfaces regularly. In the absence of soap and water, hand sanitizers are a good alternative.

# Mosquito-Borne Illnesses

The monsoon season creates ideal conditions for mosquito breeding, increasing the risk of diseases such as dengue, malaria, and chikungunya. Stagnant water in puddles, pots, and containers serves as breeding grounds for mosquitoes.

Risks:

High fever, severe body aches, joint pain, and in some cases, hemorrhagic fever.

Prevention:

Use mosquito repellents and nets, wear long-sleeved clothing, and eliminate standing water around your home. Report large stagnant water bodies to municipal authorities to prevent mosquito breeding.

# Respiratory Infections

The humidity and dampness during the monsoon can worsen respiratory conditions like asthma and bronchitis. Mold and mildew growth in homes can also contribute to respiratory issues, particularly in those with weakened immune systems or existing conditions.

Risks:

Difficulty in breathing, chest congestion, and increased asthma attacks.

Prevention:

Keep living spaces dry and well-ventilated to prevent mold growth. Maintain good hygiene, avoid crowded or damp areas, use dehumidifiers and air purifiers, and keep windows closed to minimize allergen exposure.

# Skin Infections

Excess moisture during the monsoon can lead to various skin infections such as fungal infections, athlete’s foot, and dermatitis. Prolonged exposure to wet clothing and damp environments encourages fungal and bacterial growth on the skin.

Risks:

Itching, redness, and in severe cases, painful skin lesions.

Prevention:

Keep skin dry and clean, especially after getting wet. Wear light, breathable, and dry clothing to stay comfortable and reduce skin issues. Use antifungal powders in sweat-prone areas, avoid wearing wet clothes for long periods, and ensure footwear is dry.

# Food Contamination

High humidity during the monsoon accelerates food spoilage, leading to food poisoning and gastrointestinal infections.

Risks:

Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and severe abdominal pain.

Prevention:

Consume freshly prepared meals and store food in airtight containers. Avoid raw or undercooked foods, especially meats and seafood. Thoroughly wash fruits and vegetables, and drink only purified or boiled water.

# Joint and Muscle Pain

The drop in atmospheric pressure and increased humidity during the monsoon can aggravate joint and muscle pain, particularly for individuals with arthritis or chronic pain conditions.

Risks:

Stiffness, reduced mobility, and increased pain in affected joints.

Prevention:

Engage in regular exercise, including stretching and strengthening routines, to keep joints flexible. Warm baths and massages can help alleviate pain, and staying active can prevent stiffness.

# Eye Infections

Increased humidity and exposure to rainwater during the monsoon can lead to eye infections such as conjunctivitis and styes.

Risks:

Redness, itching, discharge from the eyes, and blurred vision.

Prevention:

Avoid touching your eyes with unclean hands and use protective eyewear in the rain. Seek prompt medical attention if you notice signs of an eye infection.

# Gastrointestinal Problems

Monsoon weather can cause gastrointestinal issues like indigestion, acidity, and bloating, often worsened by contaminated food and water.

Risks:

Abdominal pain, diarrhea, and loss of appetite.

Prevention:

Eat light, home-cooked meals and avoid oily, spicy, and street food. Incorporate probiotics and fiber-rich foods into your diet to support digestion and gut health.

# Hypothermia

Prolonged exposure to cold rainwater can lower body temperature, leading to hypothermia, especially in vulnerable populations like the elderly and children.

Risks:

Shivering, confusion, loss of coordination, and in severe cases, unconsciousness.

Prevention:

Wear waterproof clothing and stay dry, especially during heavy rainfall. Change into dry clothes promptly if you get wet and seek warmth as needed.

# Viral Infections

The monsoon season often sees a rise in viral infections such as the flu, common cold, and viral fever, as the damp environment provides an ideal setting for viruses to spread.

Risks:

Fever, cough, sore throat, and body aches.

Prevention:

Maintain good hygiene, wash hands regularly, and avoid close contact with sick individuals. Consider getting a flu vaccination before the monsoon season for added protection.

By prioritizing hygiene, staying dry, and being mindful of health risks, you can enjoy the monsoon season while safeguarding your well-being.